Mine detail: Independence

Previously called ''

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Location

Lat / long: 61.7915, -149.29659

Resource(M)

Primary: Gold, Tungsten, Silver, Arsenic, Copper, Lead, Zinc, Molybdenum, Tellurium
Ore: Chalcopyrite, Galena, Gold, Molybdenite, Pyrite, Scheelite, Sphalerite, Tetrahedrite
Gangue: Calcite, Quartz
Orebody form: SEE DEPOSIT DESCRIPTION COMMENTS

Production

Operation type: Unknown
Production size: Medium
Development status: Unknown

Geology

Alteration processes:Oxidation Of Ore Near The Surface (Capps, 1915). Wall-Rock Alteration Within A Few Inches Of The Veins Is Intense, But Seldom Extends More Than 10 To 12 Inches Beyond The Quartz Filling. Sericitization And Carbonate Alteration Predominate, But There Is Some Pyritization And In The Outer Parts Of The Alteration Zone Chloritization Is Present (Ray, 1954).

References

MRDSA011610
DEP10000940
Reference{Deposit:: BROOKS, A.H., 1910, MINERAL RESOURCES OF ALASKA, REPORT ON PROGRESS OF INVESTIGATIONS IN 1909: U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 442, 426 P.}{Deposit:: KATZ, F.J., 1911, A RECONNAISSANCE OF WILLOW CREEK GOLD REGION: U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 480-G, P. 139-152.}{Deposit:: BROOKS, A.H., 1912, THE MINING INDUSTRY IN 1911: U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 520-A, P. 17-44.}{Deposit:: BROOKS, A.H., 1913, MINERAL RESOURCES OF ALASKA, REPORT ON PROGRESS OF INVESTIGATIONS IN 1912: U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 542, 308 P.}{Deposit:: BROOKS, A.H., 1914, THE ALASKAN MINING INDUSTRY IN 1913: U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 592, P. 45-74.}{Deposit:: CAPPS, S.R., 1914, GOLD LODES AND PLACERS OF THE WILLOW CREEK DISTRICT: U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 592, P. 245-272.}{Deposit:: BROOKS, A.H., 1915, THE ALASKAN MINING INDUSTRY IN 1914: U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 622, P. 15-68.}{Deposit:: CAPPS, S.R., 1915, THE WILLOW CREEK DISTRICT, ALASKA: U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 607, 86 P.}{Deposit:: CAPPS, S.R., 1916, GOLD MINING IN THE WILLOW CREEK DISTRICT: U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 642-G, P. 147-194, 195-200.}{Deposit:: SMITH, S.S., 1917, THE MINING INDUSTRY IN THE TERRITORY OF ALASKA DURING THE CALENDAR YEAR 1915: U.S. BUREAU OF MINES BULLETIN 142, 66 P.}{Deposit:: SMITH, S.S., 1917, THE MINING INDUSTRY IN THE TERRITORY OF ALASKA DURING THE CALENDAR YEAR 1915: U.S. BUREAU OF MINES BULLETIN 153, 89 P.}{Deposit:: BROOKS, A.H., 1918, THE ALASKAN MINING INDUSTRY IN 1916: U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 662-B, P. 11-62.}{Deposit:: CAPPS, S.R., 1919, GOLD LODE MINING IN THE WILLOW CREEK DISTRICT: U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 692-D, P. 177-205.}{Deposit:: BROOKS, A.H., 1922, THE ALASKAN MINING INDUSTRY IN 1920: U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 722-A, P. 1-74.}{Deposit:: BROOKS, A.H., AND CAPPS, S.R., 1924, THE ALASKAN MINING INDUSTRY IN 1922: U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 755, P. 3-49.}{Deposit:: BROOKS, A.H., 1925, ALASK* MINERAL RESOURCES AND PRODUCTION IN 1923: U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 773-A, P. 1-52.}{Deposit:: SMITH, P.S., 1932, MINERAL INDUSTRY OF ALASKA IN 1930 AND ADMINISTRATIVE REPORT: U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 824-A, P. 1-109.}{Deposit:: RAY, J.C., 1933, THE WILLOW CREEK GOLD-LODE DISTRICT, ALASKA: U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 849-C, P. 165-229.}{Deposit:: SMITH, P.S., 1934, MINERAL INDUSTRY OF ALASKA IN 1932: U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 857-A, P. 1-91.}{Deposit:: SMITH, P.S., 1936, MINERAL INDUSTRY IN ALASKA IN 1934: U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 868-A, P. 1-91.}{Deposit:: SMITH, P.S., 1937, MINERAL INDUSTRY IN ALASKA IN 1935: U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 880-A, P. 1-95.}{Deposit:: SMITH, P.S., 1938, MINERAL INDUSTRY OF ALASKA IN 1936: U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 897-A, P. 1-107.}{Deposit:: SMITH, P.S., 1939, MINERAL INDUSTRY OF ALASKA IN 1937: U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 917-A, P. 1-113.}{Deposit:: USGS CIRC 940, P. 34}{Deposit:: MINING WORLD, APRIL 1940, ALASKA PACIFIC CONSOLIDATED MINING CO., SECOND ALASKA LODE MINE: MINING WORLD, VOL. 2, NO. 4, APRIL 1940.}{Deposit:: SMITH, P.S., 1941, MINERAL INDUSTRY OF ALASKA IN 1939: U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 926-A, P. 1-106.}{Deposit:: PITT, D.L, 1942, REPORT ON ALASKA-PACIFIC CONSOLIDATED MINING CO. INDEPENDENCE MINE. MANUSCRIPT ON FILE, OFFICE OF HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY, DIVISION OF PARKS, ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES, ANCHORAGE, ALASKA.}{Deposit:: SMITH, P.S., 1942, MINERAL INDUSTRY OF ALASKA IN 1940: U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 933-A, P. 1-102.}{Deposit:: STOLL, W.C., 1944, RELATIONS OF STRUCTURES TO MINERAL DEPOSITION AT THE INDEPENDENCE MINE, ALASKA: U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 933-C, P. 201-217.}{Deposit:: THORNE R.L., MUIR, N.M., ERICKSON, A.W., THOMAS, B.I., HEIDE, H.E., AND WRIGHT, W.S., 1948, TUNGSTEN DEPOSITS IN ALASKA: U.S. BUREAU OF MINES REPORT OF INVESTIGATIONS 4174, 22 P.}{Deposit:: MOXHAM, R.M., AND NELSON, A.E., 1952, RECONNAISSANCE FOR RADIO-ACTIVE DEPOSITS IN SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA, 1947-1949: U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 184, 14 P.}{Deposit:: RAY, R.G., 1954, GEOLOGY AND ORE DEPOSITS OF THE WILLOW CREEK MINING DISTRICT, ALASKA: U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1004, 86 P.}{Deposit:: COBB, E.H., 1972, METALLIC MINERAL RESOURCES MAP OF THE ANCHORAGE QUADRANGLE, ALASKA: U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MISCELLANEOUS FIELD STUDIES MAP 409, 1 SHEET, SCALE 1:250,000.}{Deposit:: MACKEVETT, E.M., AND HOLLOWAY, C.D., 1977, MAP SHOWING METALLIFEROUS AND SELECTED NON-METALLIFEROUS MINERAL DEPOSITS IN THE EASTERN PART OF SOUTHERN ALASKA: U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OPEN-FILE REPORT 77-169-A, 99 P., 1 SHEET, SCALE 1:1,000,000.}{Deposit:: COBB, E.H., 1979, SUMMARY OF REFERENCES TO MINERAL OCCURRENCES (OTHER THAN MINERAL FUELS AND CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS IN ANCHORAGE QUADRANGLE, ALASKA: U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OPEN-FILE REPORT 79-1095, 184 P.}{Deposit:: COHEN, K.K., 1982, INDEPENDENCE MINE AND THE WILLOW CREEK MINING DISTRICT: ALASKA DIVISION OF PARKS MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS, HISTORY OF ARCHAEOLOGY SERIES, NO. 32, 169 P.}{Deposit:: PITTMAN, T.L., AND MULLIGAN, J.J., ALASKA MINING IN*3: FROM GOLD TO HARDROCK & GRAVEL: ALASKA CONSTRUCTION AND OIL, JANUARY 1983, P. 21-23.}{Deposit:: EAKINS, G.R., BUNDTZEN, T.K., ROBINSON, M.S., CLOUGH, J.G., GREEN, C.B., CLAUTICE, K.H., AND ALBANESE M.A., 1983, ALASK* MINERAL INDUSTRY - 1982, ALASKA DIVISION OF GEOLOGICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL SURVEYS SPECIAL REPORT 31, 63 P.}{Deposit:: WOODMAN, BETZI, MINING NEWS FROM AROUND THE NORTH - A COMPILATION OF SUMMER MINING ACTIVITIES: ALASKA CONSTRUCTION AND OIL, SEPTEMBER 1983, P. 12-16.}{Deposit:: BUNDTZEN, T.K., EAKINS, G.R., CLOUGH, J.G., LUECK, L.L., GREEN, C.B., ROBINSON, M.S., AND COLEMAN, D.A., 1984, ALASK* MINERAL INDUSTRY - 1983: ALASKA DIVISION OF GEOLOGICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL SURVEYS SPECIAL REPORT 33, 56 P.}{Deposit:: KURTAK, J.M., 1986, RESULTS OF THE 1984 BUREAU OF MINES SITE SPECIFIC FIELD STUDIES WITHIN THE WILLOW CREEK MINING DISTRICT: U.S. BUREAU OF MINES OPEN-FILE REPORT 17-86, 17 P.}{Deposit:: MADDEN, D.J., ARBOGAST, B.F., *EARY, R.M., VANTRUMP, G. JR., AND SILBERMAN, M.L., 1988, ANALYTICAL RESULTS, STATISTICAL ANALYSES, AND SAMPLE LOCALITY MAPS OF ROCKS FROM THE ANCHORAGE QUADRANGLE, SOUTHERN ALASKA: U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OPEN-FILE REPORT 88-240, 121 P., 2 OVER-SIZE SHEETS; SHEET 1, SCALE 1:250,000 AND SHEET 2, SCALE 1:24,000.}{Deposit:: STOLL, W.M., 1997, HUNTING FOR GOLD IN ALASK* TALKEETNA MOUNTAINS 1897-1951: GREENSBURG, PA, HENRY PRINTING, 301 P.}{Other Database:: BAG-MF-409-12}
ReporterLeonard, Kenneth R. (Elliott, R. L.), Bickerstaff, Damon P. (Huss, S. W.), Mason, George