Mine detail: Birch Lake

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Location:	St. Louis, Lake County, Minnesota, United States, North America
Lat / long:	47.75027, -91.81794
dep_id:	10072944
mrds_id:	W018675
Commodity type:	metallic
Major mineral:	Copper, Nickel, Platinum, Palladium
Minor mineral:	Cobalt, Titanium, Rhodium
Trace mineral:	Gold, Silver
Operation type:	Unknown
Production size:	No production occurred
Development status:	Prospect
ore:	Bornite, Chalcopyrite, Pentlandite, Pyrite, Pyrrhotite
gangue:	Apatite, Biotite, Mica, Olivine, Plagioclase, Pyroxene
orebody_fm:	TABULAR, DISSEMINATED
work_type:	Surface
model:	9: Duluth Cu-Ni-PGE
alteration:	Ultramafic Rocks Have Been Serpentinized
conc_proc:	Magmatic Segregation
ore_ctrl:	Sulfides Segregated In Basal Troctolites Sub-Parallel To Lower Contacts. Faults And Folds Were Responsible For Localizing Sulfide Mineralization As Well As For Providing Conduits For Later Syn- To Post-Magmatic Hydrothermal Fluids.
Reporter:	Woodruff, L.G., no name, Peterson, J.A., Sutphin, D.M. (Cannon, W.F.), Mason Jr., G.T., Woodruff, Laurel G.
hrock_unit:	South Kawishiwi Intrusion
hrock_type:	Troctolite
arock_unit:	Virginia Formation, Giants Ridge Batholith, Biwabik Iron Formation
arock_type:	Argillite,Granite,Iron Formation
Structure:	Several Ne-Trending Normal Faults Parallel The Midcontinent Rift System Near The Margin. These Faults Formed During The Opening Of The Rift And Controlled Emplacement Of The Troctolitic And Late Intrusions.
disc_yr:	1967
discr:	Duval Corp.
References:	Commodity:: BONNICHSEN, BILL, 1974, COPPER AND NICKEL RESOURCES IN THE DULUTH COMPLEX, NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA: MINNESOTA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY INFORMATION CIRCULAR 10, 24 P Deposit:: PAGE, N. J, 1986, DESCRIPTIVE MODEL OF DULUTH CU-NI-PGE, IN COX, D.P. AND SINGER, D.A., MINERAL DEPOSIT MODELS: U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1693, P. 16. Geology:: MORTON, PENELOPE, AND HAUCK, S.A., 1987, PGE, AU AND AG CONTENTS OF CU-NI SULFIDES FOUND AT THE BASE OF THE DULUTH COMPLEX, NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA: NATURAL RESOURCES RESEARCH INSTITUTE TECHNICAL REPORT NRRI/GMIN-TR-87-04, 81 P. Geology:: DAHLBERG, E.H., 1989, LITHOCHEMISTRY OF THE PLATINIFEROUS OXIDE-ULTRAMAFIC ASSOCIATION OF THE BASAL ZONE DULUTH COMPLEX, BIRCH LAKE-DUVAL AREA, IN MOREY, G.B., ED., WORKSHOP ON THE APPLICABILITY OF GOLD AND PLATINUM-GROUP-ELEMENT MODELS IN MINNESOTA: MINNESOTA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY INFORMATION CIRCULAR 30, P. 49-50. Geology:: DAHLBERG, E.H., AND GLADEN, 1987, COMPARISON OF OXIDE CUMULATES IN THE BIRCH LAKE AREA OF THE DULUTH COMPLEX WITH PGE DEPOSITS [ABS.]: GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA ABSTRACTS WITH PROGRAMS, V. 19, NO. 4, P. 195. Geology:: HAUCK, S.A., SEVERSON, M.J., ZANKO, L., BARNES, S-J., MORTON, P., ALMINAS, H., FOORD, E.E., AND DAHLBERG, E.H., 1997, AN OVERVIEW OF THE GEOLOGY AND OXIDE, SULFIDE AND PLATINUM-GROUP ELEMENT MINERALIZATION ALONG THE WESTERN AND NORTHERN CONTACTS OF THE DULUTH COMPLEX: GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA SPECIAL PAPER, V. 312, PP. 137-185. Geology:: FOOSE, M.P., 1985, THE SETTING AND DISTRIBUTION OF COPPER-NICKEL SULFIDES IN THE SOUTH KAWISHIWI INTRUSION, DULUTH COMPLEX, MINNESTOA, IN KRAFT, KATHLEEN, ED., U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESEARCH ON MINERAL RESOURCES--1985, PROGRAM AND ABSTRACTS: U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 949, P. 12-13. Geology:: HAUCK, S.A., SEVERSON, M.J., ALAPIETI, T., KAUKONEN, R., RIPLEY, E., AND GOLDBERG, S., 1995, ORIGIN OF PGE-CR MINERALIZATION, BIRCH LAKE, SOUTH KAWISHIWI INTRUSION, DULUTH COMPLEX, MINNESOTA, GEOCHEMICAL AND ISOTOPIC DATA, IN PETROLOGY AND METALLOGENY OF VOLCANIC AND INTRUSIVE ROCKS OF THE MIDCONTINENT RIFT SYSTEM, INTERNATIONAL FIELD CONFERENCE AND SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS: INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGICAL CORRELATION PROGRAM, UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA DULUTH, CONTINUING EDUCATION AND EXTENSION, P. 63-64.